How Did Life Recover From The First Mass Extinction?

Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Art by Khail Kupsky
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza

If you like our videos, check out Leila's youtube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIk7euOGq6jkptjTzEz5kQ

Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist.

Image credits:

Mimoperadectes By Jorge González - Horovitz I, Martin T, Bloch J, Ladevèze S, Kurz C, et al. (2009) Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of Opossums. PLoS ONE 4(12): e8278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008278.g006, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8760185

Snowball Earth Oleg Kuznetsov - 3depix -  http://3depix.com/, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Cyanobacteria By CSIRO, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35480947

Oviraptor By Jordi Payà from Barcelona, Catalonia - IMG_1215u0026039;Uploaded by FunkMonk, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13528130

Oviraptor skull By Jaime A. Headden - https://qilong.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/better-know-an-oviraptorid-the-first-egg-thief/, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43149014

Megazostrodon Reconstruction By Theklan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57277071

Coryphodon By Jonathan Chen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79994238

Amoeba By Cymothoa exigua - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24395008

University of Bonn Electorial Building By I, Der Wolf im Wald, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2462942

Poppelsdorfer Alle By Itamar Medeiros - Imported from 500px (archived version) by the Archive Team. (detail page), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=71280017

 Chloroplasts visible in the cells of Bryum capillare By Des_Callaghan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35894254

Liverwort_chloroplasts By Smith609 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4487231

Oxpecker on Impala By Charles James Sharp - Self-photographed, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67815562

Oxpecker on mammal By Prosthetic Head - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48532556

Yellow-billed oxpecker on a wildebeest By Lip Kee Yap from Singapore, Republic of Singapore - Yellow-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5267777 

A disruptively patterned white-spotted puffer being cleaned by a conspicuously coloured Hawaiian cleaner wrasse.  By Brocken Inaglory - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10477834 

Remora By RyanSomma - originally uploaded to Flickr as Common Remora, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11066367

Nurse shark with remoras Duncan Wright (User:Sabine's Sunbird), CC BY-SA 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, via Wikimedia Commons

Chlorophyll Cells By Kristian Peters -- Fabelfroh - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1350193

Amobe By Picturepest - Amöbe? 400x, 12my - Fokalebene 1, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39164966

Chrondocyte By Robert M. Hunt - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7194969

A fluorescent image of an endothelial cell. 
By IP69.226.103.13 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8093704 

Cellular universe By Annaleida - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44980851

Human Cheek Cells stained with Methylene Blue under 400x magnification By Fritzmann2002 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64616939 

Cèl·lules de la mucosa bucal. By Pere López Brosa, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=71049970 

Dolly the sheep By Paul Hudson from United Kingdom - National Museum of Scotland, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83267384

black widow By Ken-ichi Ueda - https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/121, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74873884

Cell division by 42 By Egelberg - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22558546

Spermatozoa By Vasin-ks - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45364328

Meosis By Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc. - Authoru0026039;s archive, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31034009

Mitochondrion By Kelvinsong; modified by Sowlos - Own work based on: Mitochondrion mini.svg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27731882